Ac 335 turbine engine rotor blade containmentdurability. A reaction turbine doesnt change the direction of the fluid flow as drastically as an impulse turbine. Impulse and reaction technologies ges d series combined cycle steam turbine designs incorporate both impulse and reaction technologies. Initially, the reaction turbines rotors are made by solid forged drumtype rotor. A admit astern steam to the turbine after securing the ahead steam o b tighten the stern tube packing gland o. A velocitycompounded impulse stage consist of a row of fixed nozzles followed by two or more rows of moving blades and fixed blades without expansion. Drum type rotor manufactured from solid or hollow forgings fig 1. The objective of this paper is to provide a historical perspective of the evolution of rotor and blade design during the last 20 years. Merchant marine exam third assistant engineer illustrations. A lowpressure steam turbine rotor for mw class power plants becomes a large rotor of more than 500 ton in its ingot weight. Spe 63039 design and analysis of a multiphase turbine for. Due to this, the inertia of the rotor is very high when compare with the disctype rotor of the same capacity.
Turbine rotors are classified as a disktype rotor and a drum type rotor from the viewpoint of configuration. Design development and performance monitoring of split micro. Design solutions that limit a turbine engines rotor overspeed in an event of shaft failure, are shown in table 1. Unfortunately, there is still not enough data which would permit an evaluation of the effectiveness of one or the other method of moisture separation. Reaction turbine rankine cycle ipsv1 ipcv 1 from rh. Steam turbine operating range the following criteria are used for selection steam turbine type 3. Franceis and are used for medium head45400 m and medium discharge. If reducing weight is of paramount interest, discrete rotor disks may be favored. In a parsons reaction turbine the rotor blades are similar to the stator blades but with the angles measured in the opposite direction. A drum type rotor carries an annular row of moving blades having root portions held within a slot in the periphery of the rotor. Other deciding factors include how deep the turbine must be set, efficiency, and cost. In the case of singleflow reaction turbines, a balance piston is equipped to cancel the thrust force produced. Are you a person willing to work in industrial sectors then logon to steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
This type of turbine can be employed for two or threephase separation. Ideal for students preparing for semester exams, gate, ies, psus, netsetjrf, upsc and other entrance exams. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The blade type best suited for this type of turbine is impulse blading, whereby the pressure drop is kept at a minimum. In the case of singleflow reaction turbines, a balance piston is equipped to cancel the thrust force produced by the pressure drop in the moving blades fig. Otc 218 field test results of a rotary separator turbine on. In reaction turbines, there are no nozzles as such.
A turbine from the latin turbo, a vortex, related to the greek, tyrbe, meaning turbulence is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Ger3646d steam turbines for large power applications. A turbine casing surrounds the rotor and carries a static blade assembly with an annular row of static blades which, together with the annular row of moving blades, constitutes an impulse turbine stage. The 109d10, 207d11, 207d11a, 207d11d and 109d12 are impulse designs, with dense pack features such as higher reaction, compact stage spacing, advanced seals and integral cover buckets. The reaction type steam turbine has a drum type rotor, and stationary blades are either installed in a stationary blade holder, or welded in a stationary blade ring. A drumtype rotor carries an annular row of moving blades having root portions held within a slot in the periphery of the rotor. The flow is thereby accelerated and directed to the rotor through which it is diverted while. Our fuelless engine can do the job or a solar panel can be used to run a high efficiency dc.
A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. The reaction turbines are designed with a forged drumtype rotor. In the above setup, water is pumped to the turbine, via a pipe. The gas initially drives the liquid hydrogen pump turbine, then it is further expanded to feed the liquid oxygen turbopump turbine. Due to the density difference, the gas phase accelerates more rapidly than the liquid. Feb 10, 2015 francis turbine the francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. A method for making a drum rotor useful in a gas turbine engine having an axis of rotation, and comprising a first disk, a second disk, and a seal therebetween, the seal comprising a first annular seal subdetail and a second annular seal subdetail, wherein the disks have a superalloy composition different from the seal subdetail alloy composition, the method comprising the steps of.
Difference between cylindrical and salient pole rotor. Steam is directed onto the rotor by the fixed vanes of the stator. Impulse turbine and reaction turbine nuclear power. Steam turbines are used as parts of stationary and transport marine steam turbine power units. Instead, the blades that project radially from the periphery of the rotor are formed and mounted so that the spaces between the blades have, in cross section, the. Our fuelless engine can do the job or a solar panel can be used to run a high efficiency dc fan motor, which will start the atomic reaction.
In the reaction turbine, the rotor blades themselves are arranged to form convergent nozzles. Provides guidance and acceptable methods, but not the only methods, that may be used by an applicant in showing compliance with the turbine engine rotor blade containment requirements of part 33 of the federal aviation regulations far. In a reaction turbine, the blades sit in a much larger volume of fluid and turn around as the fluid flows past them. The weightsaving concepts employed in the design of the turbine rotor assembly resulted in a weight reduction of of, of. The shape of the blades is such that on each passage through the. This divides the velocity drop across the stage into several smaller drops. Therefore from the literal meaning of saliency one can guess that salient pole machines must have poles projecting outward. Otc 218 field test results of a rotary separator turbine. This turbine is a single flow type which utilizes the. With this blade type, the ratio between absolute blade velocity and incoming gas velocity ranges from 0. In the design see figure 57 with a drum rotor and reaction blading, moisture is removed by suction to a channel connected to the condenser. Pdf a cfd analysis of steam flow in the twostage experimental. Overseas applications have included hp and ip turbine rotors.
Design development and performance monitoring of split. The at least one impulse turbine stage may be combined with at least one reaction turbine stage on a common drumtype rotor, the impulse and reaction stages having the same inner diameter of their turbine flow annulus and the drum rotor having the same, or substantially the same, outside diameter along its axial length. Drum rotor construction is typical for the reaction type of steam turbine. The static blade assembly has a radially inner static ring. The diffuser scoop is able to remove liquid from the rotor and convert the kinetic energy of the rotating fluid. Instead, the blades that project radially from the periphery of the rotor are formed and mounted so that the spaces between the blades have.
The reaction turbines are designed with a forged drum type rotor. This type of rotor is largely used in steam turbines. Micro hydro reaction turbine by varying the number of nozzles. These rotors are not too common in the uk, where they have been applied to lp turbine rotors. In hp and ip turbine sections, the reaction type of turbine is favored for its high efficiency. It degrades very slowly, and can output millions of eu before needing to be replaced. Francis turbine the francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b.
Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. The reactiontype steam turbine has a drumtype rotor, and stationary blades are either installed in a stationary blade holder, or welded in a stationary blade ring. The turbine rotor, the balance piston, the impulse wheel disc and the subsequent drum parts are integral forgings of high temperature material. Apr 25, 2018 in general, the cylindrical rotor type machines are confined to 2 and 4 pole turbine generators, while salient pole types are built with 4 poles upwards and include most classes of duty. The pressure of the gas or fluid changes as it passes through the turbine rotor blades. Pdf the aim of the paper is to present the cfd analysis of the steam flow in the twostage turbine with a drum rotor and balancing slots. The turbine is placed in a housing to avoid turbine. The definition of an impulse turbine is that the majority of the fluid expansion takes place in the fixed turbine stators. The turbine rotor, the balance piston, the impulse wheel disc and the subsequent drum parts are. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum. A rotor is balanced by placing a cor rection mass of a certain size in a posi tion where it counteracts the unbal ance in the rotor. What is awhat is a turbineturbine a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Generally, multistage steam turbines of reaction type fig.
A admit astern steam to the turbine after securing the ahead steam o b tighten the stern tube packing gland o c apply the prony brake o d secure all steam to the turbine. In order to get a prior idea about the probable difficulties that may arise during fabrication of the test rig, a 3d solidmodel fig 7 of the setup was made. The principle of performing field balancing is to make usually tempo rary alterations to the mass distribu tion of the rotor, by. In general, the cylindrical rotor type machines are confined to 2 and 4 pole turbine generators, while salient pole types are built with 4 poles upwards and include most classes of. The crossflow turbine has a drumlike rotor with a solid disk at each end and guttershaped slats joining the two disks. Paper open access prevention of hazardous failure of the. This is in contrast to the major alternative technology of reaction stage design with a drumtype rotor and related construc tion features. A jet of water enters the top of the rotor through the curved blades, emerging on the far side of the rotor by passing through the blades a 2nd time. The rotor design is based upon advanced calculation. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Develop the rotor internal spacing for the welded drum type rotor by allowing for spaces between t he drums consisten t with ex isting des igns. Gas turbine blades are made of nickelbase and cobaltbase super alloys principally. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery.
The turbine rotors, the balance piston and the impulse wheel disc, as well as the subsequent drum parts, are a solid forging of high. Normally the forged rotor weight is around 50% higher than the final machined rotors. The efflux angle relative to each row of blades is 70 from the axial direction, the exit velocity of steam from the stator blades is 160ms, the blade speed is 152. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor. This type of turbine makes use of the reaction force produced as the steam accelerates through the nozzles formed by the rotor. Application notes static and dynamic balancing of rigid. The reason for doing one versus the other can be many. Early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit. Initially, the reaction turbines rotors are made by solid forged drum. Most drum rotors have a spacer or knife edge labyrinth seal between adjacent rotor stages disks.
In the drum rotor configuration, the space for interstage root seal is very limited. The separating turbine uses a diffuser scoop for liquid removal to pressurize the liquid and to prevent gas carryunder. Turbine rotors can either be built as discrete wheels disks or drumtype rotors, as you suggested. Drum rotors are well known in the gas turbine engine industry.
Rotordynamic analysis of the am600 turbinegenerator shaftline. As you may be aware, in a particular stage of an impulse turbine, pressure drop happens only across the diaphragm and n. Types of steam turbine an overview sciencedirect topics. Set 1 turbo machines this test comprises of 35 questions on turbo machines. Initially, the reaction turbines rotors are made by. Turbine components rotor disks, blades, blade attachments are heavy duty components which can be classified as critical components. This evolution is a balanced integration of economic, aerodynamic, structural dynamic, noise, and aesthetic considerations, which are known to be machine type and size dependent.
Paxson nasa lewis research center 2 brookpark road, mis 776 cleveland, oh 445 abstract the benefits of wave rotor topping in small 400 to 600 hpclass and intermediate 3000 to 4000 hpclass turboshaft engines, and large 80,000 to 100,000 lb. In this type, the total pressure drop expansion of the steam take place only in the first nozzle ring. To overcome this nowadays the hollow drumtype rotors are used instead of solid rigid rotors. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.
Initially, the reaction turbines rotors are made by solid forged drum type rotor. Hpip inner casings, packings and rotors renewed to accommodate changes. Ger3705 ge steam turbine design philosophy and technology. Speed is relative low up to 6000 rpm, except for special design up to 12000 rpm. The type of hydropower turbine selected for a project is based on the height of standing waterreferred to as headand the flow, or volume of water, at the site. Reaction turbine the reaction turbine, as the name implies, is turned by reactive force rather than by a direct push or impulse. Impulse turbine efficiency calculation methods with organic. Why rotors of reaction steam turbines are built as drum.
Steam turbine interview questions are you a person with a degree in mechanical or technical engineering. Reactiontype turbines are constructed in a drum type design. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Francis turbine, a type of widely used water turbine.
Twophase nozzles the inlet nozzles convert the pressure energy of the twophase flow mixture into kinetic energy. Feb 10, 2017 one of the primary reasons for an impulse type steam turbine to have discs is that pressure balancing across its moving blades. The crossflow turbine has a drum like rotor with a solid disk at each end and guttershaped slats joining the two disks. Dec 16, 2004 0017 the at least one impulse turbine stage may be combined with at least one reaction turbine stage on a common drum type rotor, the impulse and reaction stages having the same inner diameter of their turbine flow annulus and the drum rotor having the same, or substantially the same, outside diameter along its axial length. If an impulse turbine is a bit like kicking soccer balls, a reaction turbine is more like swimmingin. Merchant marine exam third assistant engineer q538. Once comstructed, rightclick on the steam turbine and insert a turbine rotor. Steam turbine rotors may be disktype or drumtype, disktype rotors are used in impulse turbines see turbines, dramtype rotors are used in reaction turbines. One of the primary reasons for an impulse type steam turbine to have discs is that pressure balancing across its moving blades. Evolution of d series cc steam turbine r3 ge steam. Impulse turbine efficiency calculation methods with.
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